{
  "eu": {
    "name": "European Union",
    "members": [
      "at",
      "be",
      "bg",
      "hr",
      "cy",
      "cz",
      "dk",
      "ee",
      "fi",
      "fr",
      "de",
      "gr",
      "hu",
      "ie",
      "it",
      "lv",
      "lt",
      "lu",
      "mt",
      "nl",
      "pl",
      "pt",
      "ro",
      "sk",
      "si",
      "es",
      "se"
    ],
    "authority": {
      "name": "European Commission, Taxation and Customs Union",
      "url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/"
    },
    "rules": {
      "alcohol": {
        "status": "limit",
        "headline": "4 L wine + 16 L beer + 1 L spirits",
        "detail": "Entering the EU from outside: 4 litres still wine and 16 litres beer, plus 1 litre spirits over 22% vol, or 2 litres fortified or sparkling wine. No allowance under age 17.",
        "source": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/alcohol-tobacco-cash/index_en.htm"
      },
      "tobacco": {
        "status": "limit",
        "headline": "200 cigarettes / 50 cigars / 250 g",
        "detail": "Higher limit: 200 cigarettes, 100 cigarillos, 50 cigars or 250 g tobacco. Some states apply 40 cigarettes, 20 cigarillos, 10 cigars or 50 g (e.g. Estonia, Romania, and for land/sea in Poland, Greece). None under 17.",
        "source": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/alcohol-tobacco-cash/index_en.htm"
      },
      "duty_goods": {
        "status": "limit",
        "headline": "EUR 430 by air/sea, EUR 300 other",
        "detail": "Other goods including perfume are duty-free up to EUR 430 per traveller arriving by air or sea, EUR 300 otherwise. Some countries set EUR 150 for travellers under 15.",
        "source": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/alcohol-tobacco-cash/index_en.htm"
      },
      "cash": {
        "status": "declare",
        "headline": "Declare EUR 10,000 or more",
        "detail": "Anyone entering or leaving the EU with EUR 10,000 or more in cash (or equivalent instruments) must declare it to customs. The limit applies per person, and customs may act on smaller sums if crime is suspected.",
        "source": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/eu-cash-controls_en"
      },
      "meat_dairy": {
        "status": "banned",
        "headline": "No meat or milk products from outside EU",
        "detail": "Travellers may not bring meat, milk or their products into the EU. Exceptions include under 10 kg from the Faroe Islands or Greenland, and infant milk or medical foods under 2 kg that need no refrigeration. Andorra, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland etc. are exempt.",
        "source": "https://food.ec.europa.eu/animals/animal-products-movements/personal-imports_en"
      },
      "wildlife": {
        "status": "declare",
        "headline": "CITES souvenirs may need a permit",
        "detail": "Souvenirs made from plants or animals listed in the CITES appendices often need a permit or certificate. Without one, customs may seize them and a heavy fine may follow.",
        "source": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/nature-and-biodiversity/wildlife-trade_en"
      }
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Travelling with cash: EU cash controls (DG TAXUD)",
        "url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/eu-cash-controls_en",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rules for taking cash in and out of the EU (Your Europe)",
        "url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/alcohol-tobacco-cash/index_en.htm",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Cultural goods: export licence (DG TAXUD)",
        "url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/cultural-goods_en",
        "kind": "outbound",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Wildlife trade and CITES in the EU (DG Environment)",
        "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/nature-and-biodiversity/wildlife-trade_en",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Personal imports of animal products (DG SANTE)",
        "url": "https://food.ec.europa.eu/animals/animal-products-movements/personal-imports_en",
        "kind": "inbound",
        "lang": "en",
        "unverified": true
      },
      {
        "title": "Regulation (EC) No 116/2009 on export of cultural goods (EUR-Lex)",
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R0116",
        "kind": "outbound",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Regulation (EU) 2018/1672 on cash controls (EUR-Lex)",
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1672",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on wildlife trade (EUR-Lex)",
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:01997R0338-20230520",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en"
      }
    ],
    "outbound": {
      "cash": {
        "status": "declare",
        "headline": "Declare EUR 10,000+ when leaving the EU",
        "detail": "Anyone leaving the EU with EUR 10,000 or more in cash or equivalents (cheques, bearer instruments, gold coins/bars) must declare it to customs in the exit country, on the EU form. Customs may act on lower sums if crime is suspected.",
        "source": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/eu-cash-controls_en"
      },
      "antiquities": {
        "status": "declare",
        "headline": "Cultural goods need an EU export licence",
        "detail": "Listed cultural goods (15 categories with age/value thresholds, e.g. archaeological objects at any value, paintings over EUR 150,000) need an export licence to leave the EU. It is valid EU-wide for 12 months.",
        "source": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/prohibitions-restrictions/cultural-goods_en"
      },
      "wildlife": {
        "status": "declare",
        "headline": "CITES specimens need export permit",
        "detail": "Export or re-export of CITES-listed specimens needs a permit or certificate from the national management authority. Dead personal or household effects may be exempt under Commission rules; ask your CITES authority.",
        "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:01997R0338-20230520"
      }
    }
  },
  "gcc": {
    "name": "Gulf Cooperation Council",
    "members": [
      "bh",
      "kw",
      "om",
      "qa",
      "sa",
      "ae"
    ],
    "authority": {
      "name": "GCC Common Customs Law (applied by each member's customs authority)",
      "url": "https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Pages/customs-individual/Travel-pages/luggage.aspx"
    },
    "rules": {
      "duty_goods": {
        "status": "limit",
        "headline": "Duty-free gifts/luggage up to SAR 3,000",
        "detail": "Under Article 103(B) of the GCC Common Customs Law, personal luggage and gifts are duty-exempt if non-commercial and not above SAR 3,000 or equivalent. Each state sets its own local-currency figure; check the national entry.",
        "source": "https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Pages/customs-individual/Travel-pages/luggage.aspx"
      }
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Luggage and gifts: GCC Common Customs Law Art. 103 (ZATCA)",
        "url": "https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Pages/customs-individual/Travel-pages/luggage.aspx",
        "kind": "inbound",
        "lang": "en"
      },
      {
        "title": "GCC Common Customs Law (GCC Secretariat)",
        "url": "https://gcc-sg.org/en/MediaCenter/DigitalLibrary/Documents/1274258180.pdf",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en",
        "unverified": true
      },
      {
        "title": "GCC Unified Guide for Customs Procedures at First Points of Entry (GCC Secretariat)",
        "url": "https://www.gcc-sg.org/en/MediaCenter/DigitalLibrary/Documents/1435652105.pdf",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en",
        "unverified": true
      },
      {
        "title": "The GCC Customs Union (GCC Secretariat)",
        "url": "https://www.gcc-sg.org/en-us/CooperationAndAchievements/Achievements/EconomicCooperation/TheCustomsUnion/Pages/Practicalproceduresfortheestab.aspx",
        "kind": "both",
        "lang": "en",
        "unverified": true
      }
    ]
  }
}
